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| #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define FO(x) freopen(#x".in","r",stdin),freopen(#x".out","w",stdout) #define fo(i,j,k) for(int i=(j),end_i=(k);i<=end_i;i++) #define ff(i,j,k) for(int i=(j),end_i=(k);i< end_i;i++) #define fd(i,j,k) for(int i=(j),end_i=(k);i>=end_i;i--) #define DEBUG(x) cerr<<#x<<"="<<x<<endl #define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end() #define cle(x) memset(x,0,sizeof(x)) #define lowbit(x) ((x)&-(x)) #define ll long long #define ull unsigned ll #define db double #define lb long db #define pb push_back #define mp make_pair #define fi first #define se second inline int read() { int x=0; char ch=getchar(); bool f=0; for(;ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=getchar()) if(ch=='-') f=1; for(;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=getchar()) x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(ch^48); return f?-x:x; } #define CASET fo(___,1,read()) const ll mod=998244353; inline ll Add(ll x,ll y){x+=y; return (x<mod)?x:x-mod;} inline ll Dec(ll x,ll y){x-=y; return (x<0)?x+mod:x;} inline ll Mul(ll x,ll y){return x*y%mod;} inline ll Pow(ll x,ll y) { y%=(mod-1);ll ans=1;for(;y;y>>=1,x=x*x%mod)if(y&1) ans=ans*x%mod; return ans; } const int N=1200010; ll fac[N],inv[N]; void init(int n) { fac[0]=1; fo(i,1,n) fac[i]=fac[i-1]*i%mod; inv[n]=Pow(fac[n],mod-2); fd(i,n,1) inv[i-1]=inv[i]*i%mod; } inline ll C(int n,int m) { if(n<0||m<0||n<m) return 0; return fac[n]*inv[m]%mod*inv[n-m]%mod; } int n,p[N],mx,pos; inline ll calc(int x,int y) { return (C(2*n-x-y,n-y)-C(2*n-x-y,n-y-1)+mod)%mod; } bool vis[N]; ll ans; int main() { init(1200000); CASET { n=read(); fo(i,1,n) p[i]=read(),vis[i]=0; mx=0; pos=1; ans=0; fo(i,1,n) { for(;vis[pos];pos++); ans=Add(ans,calc(i-1,max(mx,p[i])+1)); if(mx>p[i]&&p[i]>pos) break; mx=max(mx,p[i]); vis[p[i]]=1; } printf("%lld\n",ans); } return 0; }
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